Information Urbino
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Urbino is a city in the Marche in Italy, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site, notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, specially under the patronage of its then duke, Federico da Montefeltro. The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect, somewhat distracted by the large carparks below the town. The city hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1564, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino (see below). Its best known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana. The modest Roman town of Urvinum Mataurense ("the little city on the river Mataurus") became an important strategic stronghold in the Gothic wars of the 6th century, captured in 538 from the Goths by the champion of the Emperor of the East, Belisarius, and frequently mentioned by the Byzantine historian Procopius. Though Pippin presented Urbino to the Papacy, independent traditions were expressed in its commune, until, around 1200 it came into the possession of the fighting nobles of nearby Montefeltro. They had no direct authority over the commune, but could pressure the commune to elect them podestà (potestas, "power") as Bonconte di Montefeltro managed in 1213, with the result that the Urbinese rebelled, formed an alliance with the independent commune of Rimini (1228), and by 1234 were masters of the city again. In the struggles between Guelphs and Ghibellines factions, associated with individual families and cities, rather than the struggle between Hohenstaufen emperors and the Papacy as they had been, the 13th and 14th century Montefeltro lords of Urbino were leaders of the Ghibellines of the Marche and in the Romagna. Cesare Borgia dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltre, duke of Urbino, and Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502, with the connivance of his Papal father Alexander VI. After the Medici pope Leo X's brief attempt to establish a young Medici as duke, thwarted by the early death of Lorenzo II de' Medici in 1519, Urbino was ruled by the dynasty of Della Rovere dukes (see also War of Urbino). In 1626 Pope Urban VIII definitively incorporated the Duchy into the papal dominions, the gift of the weary last Della Rovere duke in retirement after the assassination of his heir, to be governed by the archbishop. Its great library was removed to Rome and added to the Vatican Library in 1657. The later history of Urbino is part of the history of the Papal States and, after 1870, of the Kingdom (later Republic) of Italy. The municipal district of Urbino is in the region/district of Marche and it's in the province of Pesaro. the postcode is 61029 and the code number is +39 0722. Inhabitants are 15.128 and the surface is about 228 km2, with a density of population about 66 people for km2. Distance: from Rome 202 km, from Florence 111 km and from Venice 193 km.
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