Information Trento
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Originally a Celtic city, Trento was later conquered by the Romans in the first Century BC. The Romans gave Trento the name Tridentum, because of the the three hills that surround the city: the Monte Verruca a.k.a. Doss Trento, Sant'Agata and San Rocco. The Latin name is the source of the adjective Tridentine. On the old townhall a Latin inscription is still visible: Montes argentum mihi dant nomenque Tridentum ("Mountains give me silver and the name of Trento"), attributed to Fra' Bartolomeo da Trento (+1251). After the fall of the Roman Empire, Trento was ruled by the Goths, Lombards and Franks, finally becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1027, Emperor Conrad II created the Prince-Bishop of Trento, who wielded both temporal and religious powers. Around 1200, Trento became a minerary production center of some significance (silver was mined from the Monte Calisio), and Prince-Bishop Federico Vanga issued the first mining code of the alpine region. Trento became famous for the Council of Trent (1545-1563) which gave rise to the Counter-Reformation. The adjective Tridentine literally means pertaining to Trento, but because of the Tridentine Council, can also refer to this specific event. Among the famous prince bishops of this time were Bernardo Clesio (who ruled the city 1514-1539, and managed to steer the Council to Trento) and Cristoforo Madruzzo (who ruled 1539-1567, during the Council), both able European politicians and Renaissance humanists, who greatly expanded and embellished the city. Prince bishops ruled Trento until Napoleon conquered the city in 1801. In 1814, Trento was assigned to the Habsburg Empire. During the late 19th Century Trento and Trieste, Italian cities still belonging to the Austrians, became icons of the national unification movement. Benito Mussolini briefly joined the staff of a local newspaper in 1908. The nationalist cause led Italy into World War I. Fabio Filzi and Cesare Battisti were two well-known local irredentists who had joined the Italian army to fight against Austria-Hungary with the aim of bringing Trento and its territory into the newly founded Kingdom of Italy. The two men were taken prisoners during Austro-Italian fightings at the nearby southern front. Taken to Trento, they were put on trial for high treason and executed in the courtyard of Castello del Buonconsiglio (Cesare Battisti had served in the Austrian army). Their death caused an emotional outcry and was later used by the Italian government to celebrate the "liberation of Trento." The region was greatly affected during the war, and some of its fiercest battles were fought on the surrounding mountains. Interestingly the Austro-Hungarian military did not allow soldiers from Trento, being ethnically and culturally Italian, to participate in battles on the provinces borders but instead sent them to fight in Russia in an effort to prevent cultural sympathy with the Italians. This also happened the other way around—Czech and Hungarian soldiers were sent to the southern front. After World War I Trento, and its Italian-speaking province, along with Bolzano and the part of Tyrol that stretched south of the Alpine watershed (which was German speaking) were annexed by Italy. During World War II after the overthrow of Mussolini, Trento briefly reverted back to Austria as part of Hitler's greater Germany. From November, 1944 to April, 1945 Trento was bombed as part of the "Battle of the Brenner." War supplies from Germany to support the Gothic Line were for the most part routed through the rail line through the Brenner pass. Over 6,849 sorties were flown over targets from Verona to Brennero with 10,267 tons of bombs dropped. Parts of the city were hit by the Allied bombings, including the church of S. Maria Maggiore, the Church of the Annunciation and several of the bridges over the Adige river. In spite of the bombings, most of the medieval and renaissance town center was spared. Starting from the 1950's the region has enjoyed prosperous growth, thanks in part to its special autonomy from the central Italian government. The municipal district of Trento is in the region/district of Trentino-South Tyrol and it's in the province of Trento. the postcode is 38100 and the code number is +39 0461. Inhabitants are 104.844 and the surface is about 157 km2, with a density of population about 664 people for km2. Distance: from Rome 476 km, from Florence 256 km and from Venice 116 km.
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